In short:
Psychobiotics are probiotics (i.e., gut bacteria) that can influence mental health and are intended to help with mental illnesses. More information is available here. gut-brain axis These microorganisms can influence our mood. Bacteria that show high psychobiotic potential are primarily strains from the genera [missing information]. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. Prebiotics can do this bacterial strains They support the body's functions and also prevent inflammation that can otherwise be associated with depressive moods. This is why synbiotics (the combination of probiotics and prebiotics) are of particular interest to scientists. However, research into psychobiotics is still in its early stages, but it represents a rapidly growing and extremely promising field of study.
Deep Dive - What exactly is it about?
It is now considered proven that our gut microbiome influences not only our digestion but also a multitude of our bodily systems, and is in constant communication with our brain. This is because the microorganisms in our gut affect processes in our brain. Interesting connections between certain psychological and neurological problems and gut disorders have now been identified. People with Irritable bowel syndrome For example, people with certain ailments are more likely to experience depression, those with Parkinson's disease are prone to constipation, and people with autism spectrum disorders often suffer from digestive problems. We have already discussed the so-called gut-brain axis in detail on several occasions. Psychobiotics are probiotics that have a positive effect on mental health when administered in the right amount. The term was only coined in 2012, making this field of research still very young, but it is growing rapidly and is considered very promising – and rightly so, we think! Therefore, we want to give you a brief overview of some of the scientific findings to date and the potential that pro- and prebiotics have in this context!
And how do they work?
The pathways by which our bodily systems communicate are extremely complex, leading to the assumption that psychobiotics also act in many different ways. For example, they enable the synthesis of certain neurotransmitters that influence our behavior, including serotonin, known as the "happiness hormone." They can also regulate our stress response by preventing an excessive release of the stress hormone cortisol. Furthermore, psychobiotics can alleviate inflammatory processes in the body and simultaneously increase glutathione, a protein known for its strong antioxidant properties, which can, among other things, prevent inflammation. Increased intestinal permeability is often associated with increased inflammatory activity in the body. This permeability can increase, for example, during acute stress. This is therefore thought to be one explanation for the elevated inflammation levels measured in people suffering from depression or anxiety disorders.
Which bacterial strains have psychobiotic potential?
Interestingly, most of the potential is attributed to bacteria of the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria, especially the species B. breve and B.The Dailybacs contain various strains of L. longum, as well as L. rhamnosus and L. plantarum. Strains of the latter species are also present in the Dailybacs. Bifidobacteria appear to be able to prevent inflammatory responses and are capable of increasing tryptophan levels in the body. This makes them particularly interesting in research on psychobiotics, as depressive symptoms are associated, among other things, with a deficiency of tryptophan—a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin. This is likely the reason why tryptophan can have a calming effect and improve mood. Like all beneficial bacteria, these little helpers benefit from being additionally "fed" with prebiotics. Prebiotics can reduce the permeability of the intestinal lining and thereby prevent potential inflammation, which, as already mentioned, is observed in patients with depressive or anxious moods, among others. Particularly interesting as prebiotics in the psychobiotic context are fructooligosaccharides (FOS) – a complex sugar classified as dietary fiber and found, for example, in chicory – and galactooligosaccharides (GOS), which occur, for example, in breast milk. (Incidentally, we also use chicory root extract in Dailybacs as an effective prebiotic.) In both animals and humans, it has been observed that prebiotics of the Bimuno-GOS group (B-GOS) can positively influence emotional and cognitive processes. B-GOS, in turn, primarily promotes the beneficial Bifidobacteria. All these findings lead researchers to believe that synbiotics, as a combination of pre- and probiotics, could be particularly interesting in the context of psychobiotics. For example, it has been observed that synbiotics significantly reduce the so-called tumor necrosis factor TNF-α, which, in elevated levels, can trigger inflammation. And this effect persists for several months after treatment. This finding could therefore help not only patients with inflammatory bowel diseases but also those suffering from mental illnesses. We can certainly look forward to further studies and findings in this area with great anticipation! Psychobiotics as antidepressants? In experiments with rats, some treated with antidepressants and others with probiotics, comparable results have already been observed. However, since the data is currently very limited, psychobiotics do not yet represent a treatment alternative for humans. Too many questions remain unanswered regarding which specific bacterial strains, at what dosage, might be helpful and how they work in detail. Whether psychobiotics could be prescribed in place of conventional antidepressants in the future is still uncertain. A major advantage over classic antidepressants would be that, unlike these medications, probiotics and prebiotics have hardly any side effects. The results so far are certainly fascinating, and scientists are (cautiously) optimistic! Taking medication or supplements can, after consultation with a doctor or therapist, be a useful complement to psychotherapy, but not a replacement!
Practical application - The gut-brain axis already use today
It has already been proven that the microbiome can influence not only our gut, but our entire body, including our brain. We also utilize this approach in our products such as Dailybacs or our Good Mood AddOn.The numerous strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, as well as the prebiotics of Dailybacs, are further enhanced in our Good Mood AddOn by Ashwagandha, saffron extract, vitamins and 5-HTP, This supplement contributes to serotonin production. In this way, you're doing something good for both your gut and your mood. Your gut is the engine of your health – if it's not balanced, nutrients can't be properly absorbed and therefore can't be utilized by the body. Dailybacs thus provide the foundation for a balanced gut flora and ensure that nutrients are optimally absorbed. Additionally, you can always support your body and mind with a balanced, fiber-rich diet, exercise, and meditation. This way, you can naturally improve your overall physical and mental well-being!
Sources:
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6255950/ Bambury A, Sandhu K, Cryan JF, Dinan TG. Finding the needle in the haystack: systematic identification of psychobiotics. Br J Pharmacol. 2018;175(24):4430-4438. doi:10.1111/bph.14127
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6521058/ Bermúdez-Humarán LG, Salinas E, Ortiz GG, Ramirez-Jirano LJ, Morales JA, Bitzer-Quintero OK. From Probiotics to Psychobiotics: Live Beneficial Bacteria Which Act on the Brain-Gut Axis. Nutrients. 2019;11(4):890. Published 2019 Apr 20. doi:10.3390/nu11040890
- https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5102282/ Sarkar A, Lehto SM, Harty S, Dinan TG, Cryan JF, Burnet PWJ. Psychobiotics and the Manipulation of Bacteria-Gut-Brain Signals. Trends Neurosci. 2016;39(11):763-781. doi:10.1016/j.tins. 2016.09.002
- https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/psychobiotics-your-microbiome-has-the-potential-to-improve-your-mental-health-not-just-your-gut-heath/
- https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/10/161025220959.htm
- https://www.medica-kiel.de/gesundheitsbibliothek/index/glutathion/
- https://www.apa.org/monitor/2018/12/cover-psychobiotics
- https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/05/meet-psychobiome-gut-bacteria-may-alter-how-you-think-feel-and-act
- https://universityhealthnews.com/daily/depression/best-probiotics-for-mood-enhancing-the-gut-brain-connection-with-psychobiotics/
